Which hormone increases blood glucose by promoting glucose release from the liver?

Which hormone increases blood glucose by promoting glucose release from the liver?

• A. Insulin
• B. TSH
• C. Oxytocin
• D. Glucagon

Answer: (D)

The key idea is how hormones control blood glucose by acting on the liver. Glucagon is released from the pancreas when blood glucose is low and its main job is to raise glucose levels by making the liver release glucose into the blood. It does this by stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis, converting stored glycogen into glucose, and by promoting gluconeogenesis to form new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. This action relies on a cAMP signaling pathway that activates enzymes driving glucose production and release. Insulin works opposite to glucagon: it promotes glucose uptake and storage in the liver, muscle, and fat, lowering blood glucose. TSH mainly drives thyroid hormone production, which affects overall metabolism but does not directly cause glucose release from the liver. Oxytocin has roles in reproduction and social behaviors and does not regulate hepatic glucose output.

The key idea is how hormones control blood glucose by acting on the liver. Glucagon is released from the pancreas when blood glucose is low and its main job is to raise glucose levels by making the liver release glucose into the blood. It does this by stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis, converting stored glycogen into glucose, and by promoting gluconeogenesis to form new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. This action relies on a cAMP signaling pathway that activates enzymes driving glucose production and release.

Insulin works opposite to glucagon: it promotes glucose uptake and storage in the liver, muscle, and fat, lowering blood glucose. TSH mainly drives thyroid hormone production, which affects overall metabolism but does not directly cause glucose release from the liver. Oxytocin has roles in reproduction and social behaviors and does not regulate hepatic glucose output.